Mount Etna: History and overview

Mount Etna: History and overview Mount Etna is also known as Mongibello in Italian. To ancient Greeks Mount Etna is known as the god of fire. They also believe that Cyclops, who is a one eyed monster, lives there. People can go skiing on Mount Etna in winter and you can go hill walking in the summer, but you have to be careful in case it erupts when youre there. Mount Etna also has some famous caves on it which people like to go and see. There is also a lot of wildlife on Mount Etna like Frogs, Toads and even some turtles are found in some of the ponds and lakes, there are also a lot of birds and even some rare golden eagles. Mount Etna has a lot of trees so in autumn when the tree leafs change colour lots of people come to see them. Mount Etna is strato volcano so its lava isnt as hot as other types of volcanoes. It is on the east coast of Sicily quite near Messina and Catania. Mount Etna has the most amount of eruptions in the world. It is the biggest active volcano in Europe, it is about 3326m high and it has an area of about 1190km ². The volcanoes height changes every eruption and some of the eruptions have reached the cities near the coast. The mountain is about 21m smaller now than 1865 because of the weather eroding it away. Mount Etna is by far the biggest active volcano in Italy, being almost 3 times as big as Mount Vesuvius which is the next biggest volcano in Italy. Geologists think it has been active for over two and a half million years. Mount Etna is one of the most active Volcanoes in the world. Its usually a quiet Volcano not a violent one because it erupts so often. Mount Etna erupts most impressive when the vents and the top erupt. Ash storms only happen if the vents erupt. The lava from Mount Etna can sometimes get up to 1000 degrees Celsius. Thousands of people live near and on the slopes of Mount Etna, their houses and property get ruined quite a lot. The surrounded areas of Mount Etna are good for Farms because crops and vegetables grow well on the volcanic soil. One of the eruptions in 122BC caused so much damage to a nearby city called Catania that its residents were relieved from paying taxes to Rome for 10 years. Mount Etna has 3 vent creators on its slopes, which have lava, rocks, and gasses coming out of them. Mount Etna erupted most violently in 1669 when the lava demolished nearby villages on the bottom of the slope. Some other violent eruptions have happened in 1971, 1983, 2001-02 making the Italian government to declare a state of an emergency. All these eruptions have been dangerous but the one in 1669 when it hit the outskirts of Catania was by far the most violent. Mount Etnas Eruption 1669 Mount Etnas eruption in 1669 is the worst eruption so far in its history. During Mount Etnas history it has erupted quite often, so people dont usually bother when it erupts because its not that violent, but the eruption on the 8th of March 1669 was by far the most violent. On the afternoon of the 11th of March a lot of vents from the volcano opened between two nearby cities, these vents caused a couple of very dangerous explosions and a huge amount of lava came out of them and flowed downhill. It produced about 830,000,000m ³ of lava. The eruption was caused by two months of earthquakes under and on the surrounding areas of Mount Etna. This was caused by the African crust pushing under the Eurasian crust. This made Mount Etna erupt. On the 11th of March a 9km gap cracked open from Monte Frumento Supino to Monte San Leo on the south side of the mountain. The biggest vent cracked open near Nicolosi and oozed with lava and it ended up shaped like a cylinder cone and it is now a popul ar tourist point and is called Mount Rossi. On the first day of the eruption a town called Nicolosi and two other villages nearby were destroyed by the dangerous pyroclastic flow which can get up to about a speed of 500mph. The next three days the lava was flowing south and another four villages were destroyed. At the end of March another two bigger towns were destroyed and the lava reached the outskirts of Catania at the end of April. At the beginning of the lava reaching Catania, the lava flow hit against the wall which was meant to stop the lava flow destroying Catinia. The wall was strong enough for a while but on the 30th of April the lava reached the top of the wall and poured into the city which made the wall fall down. After a while of the lava getting into the city it reached the harbour and filled it up. Some of the people that live in Catinia built walls next to all the main roads to stop the lava going onto the roads which would cause some accidents and deaths. Other people that live nearby tried to direct the lava flow away from the city but they did not do that good of job. Effects of Mount Etnas Eruption 1669 The effects left behind from the eruption in 1669 were talked about worldwide. More than 10 villages were destroyed and a lot more were badly damaged by the lava flow. The west side of Catania was also badly damaged. The west and southwest of the city which was the richer side of the city, with lots of fruit gardens, expensive villas and a few monuments from Greek and Roman time were turned into a wasteland from the vicious lava. Catania was now surrounded by lava in all directions apart from the sea side. The pyroclastic flow damaged the south and south west of the city, unlike the eruption in 1381 when it destroyed parts of the north side. The pyroclastic flow doesnt always do the most damage but it kills the most people because it can travel so fast, and people cant get away from it. About 200 000 people died and about 27 000 people were also left homeless from the devastating eruption. Plate Tectonics Most volcanoes in the world are on a constructive or destructive plate boundary. Mount Etna is on a destructive plate boundary. A destructive plate boundary is when one plate is getting pushed under another plate. Mount Etna was made by the African plate pushing under the Eurasian plate which makes a volcano form. Mount Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei are two other volcanoes which are also made by the African Plate pushing under the Eurasian plate. Most active Volcanoes are positioned near or along the edge of plate boundaries. Scientists are trying lots of different ways to find a better way of seeing under the earths crust below a volcano. Bibliography http://www.solcomhouse.com/etna.htm http://www.bestofsicily.com/etna.htm http://www.volcanolive.com/etna.html http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/etna.html http://www.destination360.com/europe/italy/mount-etna http://www.worldtravelguide.net/attraction/285/attraction_guide/Europe/Mount-Etna.html http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=Articleid=366 http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Mount_Etna_-_1669_eruption/id/1371107 Myocardial Infarction (MI): Nursing Assessment and Care Myocardial Infarction (MI): Nursing Assessment and Care The purpose of this reflective essay is to critically analyse the clinical assessment and nursing care of a patient suffering from an Myocardial Infarction (MI). This essay also reflect my personal experience and knowledge I gained in a coronary care unit (CCU) which will be useful in my future development. I used Gibbs model to reflect on my experience of caring for a patient with a Non ST elevation MI or NSTEMI (Gibbs 1988).The National Service Framework (NSF) for coronary heart disease (CHD) set standards for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CHD (DH 2000).Myocardial Infarction (MI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United Kingdom (NICE 2002). Reflective practice is one of the key processes of learning within the health professions. It enables you to reflect on actions taken and analyse what you may have done differently and how you will handle similar situations in the future. Learning comes from how you handle different incidences and experiences and reflection is a key part of this. There are a number of models to choose from such as John’s model of reflection (1994), Kolb’s learning cycle (1984) or Atkins and Murphy’s model of reflection (1994). However, this essay will use Gibbs’ model of reflection (1988) to critically analyse the clinical assessment and nursing care of a patient suffering from a Myocardial Infarction (MI). This essay will use the model as devised by Gibbs as a framework. Gibbs’ model of reflection (1988) is based on six separate elements. It would be worth looking very briefly at each stage before continuing. Stage 1 of this model is the description. It requires you to set out the context of the event such as who was there and what was happening? Stage 2 is feelings. This is how you felt about the event and how you felt about the outcome. Stage 3 of Gibbs’ model is the evaluation. This requires you to consider the experience as a whole. What went well and what do you feel wasn’t so successful. Stage 4 is an analysis of the event as a whole. It requires you to break down the event into it’s separate parts and look at each part in more detail. What sense can you make of the situation? Stage 5 is the conclusion. This stage invites you to question what you might have done differently or what more could you have done given all the facts. The final stage of Gibbs’ model of reflection is an action plan. What would you do i f you encountered the situation again? What about your actions would you change? This is the structure that this essay will follow. Stage 1: Description I was working as a nurse in a Coronary Care Unit (CCU) in London. NMC guidelines (2004) requires healthcare providers to protect all patient’s confidential information. From this point I will be referring to the patient as Henry. Henry is a 45 year old male who was admitted into the Accident and emergency Unit of the hospital where I was working with crushing chest pains radiating to his left arm and his back. Henry had had no previous or family history of coronary disease. The initial observations showed that he had stage 2 high blood pressure (138/78), a heart rate of 85, respiration of 15 and a temperature of 36.5 degrees centigrade. Saturation was 100% at 28% oxygen via face mask. An ECG done in AE showed ST depression in leads 11,111 and AVF less than 1mm. TroponinI was>32ng/ml. In AE an initial dose of aspirin and 300mgs of clopidogrel was given to Henry. 80mgs of Clexane was also given, along with 5mg of morphinesulphate. 2 puffs of GTN spray was also administered. He was then transferred to CCU for further management. I first came into contact with Henry that morning when he was handed over to me. He had been in a stable condition when he was admitted to the CCU and had said that he had had a pain free night but later complained to one of the senior sisters that he had in fact been suffering but didn’t want to disturb anyone since the pain occurred from 4am onwards. When I first encountered Henry he was pale, cold and clammy. GTN spray was administered and I also started oxygen at 28% as his saturation was at 98%. Henry had said his pain was in his central chest and back regions. His ECG results showed ST depression 2mm in leads 11,111,aVF. At this point his BP was 126/80,his heart rate was 100, his respiration rate was 19 and he had a temperature of 36 degrees centigrade. Once I had informed the registrar of this I started a GTN infusion and his blood pressure dropped to 110/76. I then wanted to assess the level of pain that Henry had said he was in. I used a numerical rating scale to determine the level of his pain. This numerical scale provides a valuable measure of the understanding of the intensity of pain (Thompson et al, 1994). He had initially scored an 8 out of 10 but after the GTN infusion was administered this dropped down to 5. He was then started on 50mgs of Tirofiban in 200mls of normal saline and 20,000units of heparin infusion. During this time the registrar arranged for an emergency angiogram at a nearby hospital in London. I arranged for the transfer to be made in the hour. Upon his return, angiogram on his return I checked his angio site for bleeding. I did an ECG and placed him on a cardiac monitor. I checked pedal pulse and did circulatory check in his right leg every hour. I advised him to stay in bed for few hours to avoid bleeding. When it was discovered that Henry had an Inferior NSTEMI he was scheduled to have an emergency percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) which is performed by passing a balloon tipped catheter from an artery in the groin or arm and guided to the blocked artery of the heart (American Heart Association, 2008).The balloon is then inflated and removed, leaving in metalstent which squashes the fatty deposit that has been blocking the artery and therefore allowing blood to flow more easily. Jowett and Thompson (2003) argue that this method is very useful in alleviating symptoms and improving the prognosis of the patient. I was able to explain the procedure to Henry and then prepared him for the operation by shaving his groin and checking his bloods (including a coagulation screen). I also inserted venflon for intravenous access administered medications such as aspirin, informed the next of kin. The angiography had shown that Henry had 70-90% stenosis in proximal and midsegment section of vessel. The left coronary artery was free of obstruction therefore patient had PCI with drugeluting stents in the right coronary artery. The procedure was successful and I was able to start Henry on the first phase of his cardiac rehabilitation before his discharge. This involves a risk factor assessment and giving advice on how to lead a healthier life through reducing stress, having a healthier diet and taking regular exercise. I also gave him advice on his new drug regiment which would be an important part of his rehabilitation. Of course, longer term rehabilitation is required for patients who have gone through what Henry has gone through. He agreed to attend a exercise program once a week to be conducted in the hospital. A Myocardial Infarction (MI) can have a huge psychological effect on a patient. The changes that a patient is required to make to their lifestyle after suffering an MI can also have a damaging psychological consequences. Before Henry was discharged I had him fill out a questionnaire that would help determine his depression and anxiety levels based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Stage 2: Feelings As a nurse I know that it is impossible to give round the clock, exclusive care to just one patient. I had other patients to attend to on that day who needed my care just as much as Henry. However, I still felt frustrated that Henry was in so much discomfort and I was also annoyed with myself for not having picked up on this when he had been initially handed over to me. It was left up to the senior sister to tell me that he had been pain during the night. I also felt frustrated that he didn’t feel like he could tell anyone about the pain that he had been experiencing. I felt that on the whole my communication skills had been lacking on this occasion. Had my communication skills been better, I could have picked up on the pain Henry was in much sooner. This is perhaps the strongest feeling I have about this experience. Overall I felt relieved that I was able to discharge Henry. CHD is a massive killer in the UK and working on the CCU one experiences many outcomes that aren’t as positive as Henry’s. Of course, I know his life is going to have to dramatically change as a result of his MI but I felt like I had done my best to prepare him for these changes. Stage 3: Evaluation This stage requires a reflection of the experience as a whole and to look at the aspects that were successful and also to look at aspects that weren’t so successful. Overall I was pleased at the outcome of this experience. However, there are always areas that could be improved on. Perhaps the greatest failure came from not knowing soon enough of the chest pain that Henry had suffered through the night. Had his pain been reported or picked up on sooner then I could have possibly prevented some of the myocardial damage. The GTN infusion could have been administered sooner. The purpose of this infusion is partly because it is useful for analgesia but also because it is useful for the control of ischaemia as it relaxes the smooth muscles, arteries and veins leading to vasodilatation (Hatchett and Thompson, 2007). Had I known of Henry’s chest pain right from the start it would have been possible for me to administer this as soon as he was handed over to me. The CCU I work in follows the ESC guidelines for management of NSTEMI. In accordance with this, I started Tirofiban and Heparin infusion. Tirofiban is a nonpeptide mimetic antagonist of glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor. Because Henry was limited by unstable signs and symptoms, protocol states that Tirofiban in combination with Heparin and Aspirin will have lower incidence of ischemia. I thought that the care that Henry received before his PTCA and the speed in which he was able to have this surgery was a great success. The PTCA was also a particularly successful. In the BHF Randomised Intervention Treatment of Angina (RITA3) trial of patients with NSTEMI, invasive strategies (PTCA or CABG) were found to be better when compared with more conservative strategies (Collnolly et al, 2002). I also felt that the care Henry received after his PTCA was very successful. The long term effects of this are yet to be realised but in the short term I felt that Henry responded very well to the lifestyle changes he was being asked to make. The long term care of patients who have suffered from CHD requires coordination across many different health care professions. It is often for patients to slip through the cracks and skip the parts of the rehabilitation that they find too hard. However, I felt that Henry was determined to get back to a normal life as soon as possible. Stage 4: Analysis The purpose of Gibbs’ model of reflection (1988) is to learn from your experiences. I feel that this stage has been adequately covered by the description given in Stage 1. In this previous section I have given a step by step breakdown of the events as they unfolded. Each part from Henry’s admission, to his treatment to the initial stages of his rehabilitation have been covered in sufficient detail above. Stage 5: Conclusion As already mentioned, one of the areas which I felt was most inadequate throughout this whole experience was communication. Jowett and Thompson (2003) argue that in the highly technical and invasive atmosphere of a CCU, good communication can sometimes be lacking. Ashworth (1984) argues that a patient needs to feel like healthcare professionals such as nurses need to be helpful, competent and approachable. Nurses in turn have to recognise the individual needs of the patients in their care. This is an area where there were obvious failures. Henry didn’t feel able to express the fact that he was in pain because he didn’t want to be a nuisance. In an CCU where it is a highly charged atmosphere, it is possible that the patient may feel quite a lot of discomfort but won’t speak up because they may feel that they are inconveniencing someone or also they may feel that everyone in the CCU is probably feeling worse than them so they should just deal with the pain and not speak up. This failure to communicate is both the fault of the patient and the healthcare professional but the healthcare professional should be able to recognise when a patient is in pain. Stage 6: Action Plan Clinically I feel all the proper guidelines and protocols were applied in the case of Henry. As has already been stated, what was lacking is the communication. I am likely to encounter similar situations again as a nurse in a CCU. CHU is a leading health concern in the UK so it is important that one is able to learn from experiences and use them when encountering similar situations. The role of nurse in a CCU is one that is rapidly evolving and changing so it is important to learn from experiences and apply this learning to everyday practice. What my experience with Henry has taught me is that I need to treat each patient as individuals with individual problems and with differing levels of communication skills. Some patients are good at communicating what they feel while others aren’t. Spotting that Henry was in pain sooner may have led to less damage of his heart tissue. Of course the damage had already been done before he came into hospital but I may have missed signs that I should have picked up on when he was initially handed over to me. As nurses we should be striving to make the patients in our care as comfortable as possible. This especially important in a CCU where patients are having to deal with a variety of problems and a wide range of emotions. It is easy to get caught up in the highly charged atmosphere and not see the patients as individuals. This is something that I aim to work on in my future career as a nurse. Bibliography and References: Bassand, J., Hamm,C,Ardissino D et al (2007) Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Non-ST-segment Elevation acute coronary syndrome:The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of Non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes of the European society of cardiology. European Heart Journal 28:1598-1660. B .Scheller,U.speck,M.Bohm Prevention of restenosis; is angioplasty the answer. Heart 2007(93) 539-541. Derek L Connolly,Gregory YH lip and Bernard SP chin.Anti thrombotic strategies in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention.ABC of antithrombotic therapy BMJ.2002 325(7377): 1404-14 E coady Managing patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome Nursing standard 2006(20) 49-56. Fox KA (2004) Management of acute coronary syndromes: an update.Heart 2004(90-1) 99-106. Gibbs ,G.(1988) Learning by doing :A guide to teaching and learning methods.oxford. Hatchett,R. and Thompson,D. (2001) Cardiac Nursing:A comprehensive Guide,London,Churchill Livingstone. Harvey D white (2008) Implications of a new universal definition.Heart 2008(94-6) 679-683. Henriksson M Epstein,D.M and Palmer SJ (2008) costeffectiveness of an early interventional strategy in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome.Heart 2008(94) 717-723. Jowett,N and Thompson,D.(2003) Comprehensive coronary care.3rd edn.London:Bailliere Tindall. Libby P (2001) Current concepts of the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes.Circulation. 2001(104-3), 365-372. Mathew B.earnest and Peter N. tadros march1,2007 consultant vol 47(3) National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease (2000) A report on the clinical and cost effectiveness of physiotherapy in cardiac rehabilitation London:NSF. Nursing and Midwifery council (2002) code of professional conduct.London.Nursing and Midwifery council O Connor, S (1995) The cardiac patient:nursing interventions.London:Mosby. Ornish,D.,Brown,S.E.,Scherwitz,L.w., et al.(1990)Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart diseaseLancet,336,129-133. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (2002) Cardiac rehabilitation:National Clinical Guidelines. Edinburgh:SIGN Thompson, P (1996) The effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation.Nursing in critical care 1(3);215-220. Thygesen, K .,Joseph S., et al.(2007)Universal Definition Of Myocardial Infarction:Task Force For The Redefinition Of Myocardial Infarction.European Heart Journal(28) 2525-2538. World Health Organisation (1993) Needs And Actions Priorities In Cardiac Rehablitation And Secondary Prevention In Patients With Coronary Heart Disease.WHO Technical Report Service 831,Geneva, WHO . Wood,D., Mcleod, A., Davis,Miles,A.(2002) Effective Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehablitation.London:Ausculapius Medical Press. Woods, S.L., Sivarajan Froelicher,E.S. and Underhill Motzer, S.(2004) Cardiac Nursing, 5th edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott.

Evaluate Two of the Cognitive Approaches Strengths and Weaknesses Essay

The cognitive approach has two main strengths. These two strengths are that the cognitive approach is scientific and that it has an application of therapies. The first strength that the cognitive approach has is that it is scientific this is because it is done within the laboratory. This is called lab studies. We can rely on the findings because it is done under a controlled environment. Which makes this a strength. The second strength that the cognitive approach has is the application of these therapies. We know that this is strength because it has a very high success rate and is very effective. This is why the NHS uses this approach. The cognitive approach helps people across the world. The Cognitive approach also has two weaknesses, these two weaknesses that I am going to evaluate are that it is difficult to prove and the mechanistic reductionism. The cognitive approach is difficult to prove that it works because thoughts are not observable and are not measurable. This is a weakness because physiologist have to rely on the truthfulness of patients because there is no solid evidence what the patient thoughts are. The second weakness I am going to evaluate is the fact that the cognitive approach has a mechanistic reductionism; this means that the mind is compared to a computer. This is a weakness because the mind is much more complex that a computer e.g. the mind can guess and understand someone’s feelings. So Mechanistic reductionism suggests that psychologist are downgrading the mind’s capability.

Floods and subsequent death Essay

Hurricane Katrina formed in the United States in the year 2005, causing floods and subsequent death many people. It is estimated that more than 1800 people lost their lives due to the hurricane. This data makes it the worst in the history of the United States since the year 1928. It is considered to have been the hurricane most costly and deadly in the history of the U. S and was considered a natural disaster. Among the affected places is St. Rita’s nursing home which has let to the trial of the owners Sal and Mabel Mangano. The nursing home was situated in New Orleans in St Bernard parish. It has been build 20 years before the hurricane struck. This home was situated in a depression in the ground. The approximate number of residents of the nursing home was 65 and out of these 35 of them died when the hurricane struck. This has led to the indictment of the owners the Manganos, after investigations were done on deaths at nursing homes and hospitals. Their trial was for negligent homicide where it was alleged that they willfully caused the deaths of 35 people by not evacuation them and also tying them to their beds. However I beg go differ with these allegations and they should not have been convicted for negligent homicide. Nursing Home Establishment Sal and Mabel Mangano were the owners so St. Rita’s nursing home having built it 20 years before the hurricane Katrina. The area where they built the nursing home had patches of terra firma. In marshlands this is a good area and the reason why they had considered it, was because in 1965 during the hurricane Betsy this is the only area that did not flood. In this consideration it means that with the establishment of the nursing home they had considered that incase there was a hurricane, there at St. Ritas it would not flood. This shows clearly that they would not have intentionally neglected their residents to suffer and drown in the floods and the subsequent death hence they should not have been convicted. For this consideration they had in mind that, just like in 1965 the hurricane was not going to affect them and for this reason they did not evacuate but instead they went up their one story building. A Show of Kindness During the time of imminent floods the Mangano’s has intended to safe other people by inviting them to St. Rita’s nursing home among these their staff and relatives as well as their won relatives. The reason they had done this was because they were kind enough and were ready to help other people. If they had a motive of willingly exposing their residents to flood and death they then could not have invited their resident. They had the best intention and they felt that they would not be affected by the floods and thus they did not neglect their residents or even wish for them to die. They had offered shelter to more than 25 people who had gladly accepted since they were exposed to the disaster of the hurricane. Safety Before the worst hurricane happened on 29th of august 2005, the mangano’s felt that everything was alright. They checked and inspected the area which showed that the ground were dry, the parking lot and the roof was also alright. However it is at this juncture that the hurricane struck. Sal mangano had herself gone outside with several other men to inspect the situation and ensure that everything was alright and that the people inside could not be in any danger whatsoever. Meaning they were concerned greatly about the safety of the people who were already inside at St. Rita’s nursing home, they could have done anything to ensure that these people were safe. The Hurricane Katrina Even when the hurricane struck the manago’s did not neglect heir resident in cat they went inside and tried to fortify the windows and the doors in desperation of trying to protect them. All the same a strong wind and a strong flow of water hit the nursing home’s walls and even penetrated inside, rising in the building. The mangano’s alongside their relatives some of them as well as their staff worked relentlessly during this time of the floods and also made frantic efforts to safe the people at the nursing home. This means all this time what they had intended was the good of the people at the nursing home and more than anything they used their judgment with the utmost good intentions of saving the people. Conclusion According to the law in the united sates of America the Louisiana requirement is that an evacuation plan should be in the nursing home but id does not state about being mandatory during an actual o evacuation. The law also recognizes a safe place and allows the nursing home to evacuate to such a place In this context the mangano’s did not willfully ignore these rules because they did everything that they could in fortifying their doors and windows in an effort to make their residents secure and to protect them from harm fro the Katrina hurricane and to protect them from drowning as well. St Rita’s nursing home was for the elderly people and others with special needs. One of the reason s why then mangano’s did not evacuate them is because they felt that by moving the people they would have been doing more harm than good, since most of the frail ones would have suffered or even died in transit. This again comes to show that the mangano’s made one judgment which was in consideration of their residents to protect them more than to harm them. The mangano’s did not at any one time leave or abandon their residents, they were there themselves and they had also invited their relatives and other people to offer them shelter, if they were willingly exposing them to danger they would not have invited their relatives and they also so would have rescued themselves leaving their residents to die. Therefore, the mangano’s used their judgment and safety measures. They felt that this area where the nursing home was situated probably could not be affected by the hurricane. They should not have been convicted of negligent homicide for the above reasons. References: Carrie Khan, Nursing home owners not guilty. 5th December, 2008. http//www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=14261612 Dawn Fratangelo, what happened at St Rita’s Nursing Home? 3rd march, 2006. Http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/11658446 Paul Rioux, St. Rita’s owners say no help was offered before Katrina hit, 15th September, 2005. http//seniorjournal. com/NEWS/Eldercare/5-09-15StRitaNoHelp. htm

Its Hard Being a Single Dad in America - 1494 Words

It’s hard being a single dad in America An Annotated Bibliography Morin, Amanda. Fathers Raising Daughters: The Unique Challenges of Single Fatherhood. Education.com | An Education amp; Child Development Site for Parents | Parenting amp; Educational Resource. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2013. According to the U.S. Census most recent information, there are approximately 13 million children living in single-parent households. That in itself isnt all that surprising, but heres something that is: 2.5 million of those children are being raised by single fathers. Thats nearly 1 in every 40 households –over half as many as ten years ago –in which custodial fathers are raising children, many of whom are girls. So, what kinds of challenges†¦show more content†¦We had grants and access courses. And work. I did and do, though, find it hard sometimes, and no amount of moralising by this government helps in any way. Like many, I patched together childcare with a bunch of likeminded women who enriched mine and my childrens lives massively. Without them and subsidised nursery places I would not be the upstanding taxpayer I am now. I will use this information as my opposition, to show that the government needs to help out with single parenting. Australian Council of Social Service. Stop Cuts to Sole Parent Payments! N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2013. UN asks Australian Government to explain violation of single parents rights March 4, 2013 The Australian Council of Social Service today called on the Australian Government to detail its response to a United Nations request for it to explain the decision to cut the payments of over 80,000 single parent families. 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In Bull Durham Nuke fails time and time again because he cannot control his pitchesRead MoreAmerica: Diverse in Nature, Belief and Ideology1164 Words   |  5 PagesConcerning America today, many people have a set of cardboard cut-out traits that they tack onto American citizens, and what it means to be an American. These traits are typically very broad, and simplistic, and in many cases, are relics of the 50s. The truth, however, is quite different. Although some people try to attach universal traits to Americans, citizens of this country are very diverse in nature, belief, and ideology. Ive identified four characteristics most commonly associated withRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Eyes Opened1039 Words   |  5 Pagesare the black hair and black eyes? My right hand wondered in my left palm feeling the knuckles being rubbed every few seconds. Words of the foreign one by one jazzed through my skull, into my brain from the announcement. It was not a pilot but a blabber. Seeing the foreigners out of their seat to get their luggage, I suddenly lost the certainty I have for my future. I will be the foreigner in America. Just a few days ago, I was gloating at my classmates in the fourth grade classroom of an ordinaryRead MoreThe First Christmas Of My Family905 Words   |  4 PagesDecember 24th, 2016 was the first Christmas I spent in America with my host family. All kinds of decoration were ready to light up and a variety of gifts were set up under the Christmas tree . My host parents and I were hanging up the Christmas socks at the fireplace. Within the 8 socks this year, there were three of them did not belong to the fireplace anymore. Baddy, Peter, and Jasmine, their socks were hung at the second-floor platform, a place for the dogs that no longer with us. Standing byRead MoreLove : What Makes A Marriage Last?1072 Words   |  5 PagesEasy They d Call the Whole Damn Thing a Honeymoon: Living With and Loving the TV-Addicted, Sex-Obsessed, Not-So-Handy Man You Married, The Parent Trip: From High Heels and Parties to Highchairs and Potties and Cheers to the New Mom/Cheers to the New Dad, Jenna M cCarthy refers to herself as the love child of Chelsea Handler and Dr. Phil. Jenna McCarthy made the audience roll with laughter, as she talked about studies found that make a marriage last or fail. In her funny-casual TED talk, â€Å"Jenna McCarthy:Read MoreOur Kids : He American Dream Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesIn America, about 10,830 babies are born every day. Each one of these newborns, enters the world into the same hospital environment and receives the same treatment. However, the moment they leave the hospital their lives all take a vastly different path. Some will be successful and some will fail to achieve the American Dream. A dream, that is the result of hard work, and consist of a white picket fence, a good job, and strong family unit. The American Dream is also the hope that we will do betterRead MoreSobriety Court Is More Appealing Than Jail Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom jail, sobriety court demanded a halfway house for him to stay at for the first few we eks of his freedom. This was paid out of pocket, one thousand dollars per month, not including money for meals, or telephone calls. After the halfway house, my dad moved back into his own home. He was then required to be breathalyzed three times every day, in morning, midday, and evening. Breathalyzer tests costed twenty dollars every time that he blew, equating to sixty dollars a day for the first two months